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Arabic is one of the most important languages in the world with its rich historical and cultural heritage. The Arabic alphabet and writing style have developed over the centuries and survived to this day.
Arabic is one of the oldest and richest languages in the world. Its origin dates back to the 4th century BC and has developed under the influence of many civilizations since then. Arabic has become a language spoken in a wide geography, especially with the spread of Islam. The fact that the holy book of Islam, the Holy Quran, was written in Arabic has increased the sacred and literary value of this language. Today, Arabic is accepted as an official language in 22 countries and is spoken by more than 300 million people.
The Arabic alphabet consists of 28 letters and is written from right to left. Each letter has a different shape and sound value. It was first developed in the Arabian Peninsula in the 4th century BC and has evolved over time under the influence of many civilizations. While the Arabic alphabet initially did not contain only vowels, later vowels denoting short vowels (hareke) were added. These movements are used to indicate how the word is to be read and are of great importance, especially for the correct reading of the Quran.
The Arabic alphabet has also been adapted to other languages. For example, Persian, Urdu and Ottoman Turkish were written using the Arabic alphabet. Each of these languages has made adaptations by adding their own sounds to the Arabic alphabet.
There are 8 basic signs in the movement system. These are fetha (superior), kesra (esre), damma (other), tanwin (two superior, two esre, two other), sukun (cezm), teşdid (shedde).
Thanks to this sign system, letters that are completely silent can be given a voice, they can be silenced, the sounds can be recited for a longer time, or the sounds can be combined.
Fetha (ً): Generally represents the "a" sound.
Kesra (ٍ): Generally represents the "i" sound.
Dhamma (ٌ): Usually represents the "u" sound.
Sukun (ْ): Indicates that there is no vowel sign on the letter.
These movements are critical to ensuring the correct pronunciation of Arabic and are an indispensable tool, especially for language learners.
The Arabic writing style has undergone many changes over time and is today known for a variety of calligraphy styles. These styles developed in different geographical regions and periods.
Some famous Arabic writing styles are:
Kufic: It is the oldest style of Arabic writing. Kufic script has hard and angular lines and is generally used for decorative purposes. This style was widely used in the writing of the Holy Quran, especially in the early periods of Islam.
Nasih: It is the most widely used writing style today. Naskh has more rounded and flowing lines and is used in daily correspondence, printed works and books.
Thuluth: It is a large and flashy writing style. Thuluth is generally used in headings, plaques and architectural decorations. This style offers an elegant and aesthetic appearance.
Talik: It is a widely used style in Persian writing. Talik is known for its oblique and flowing lines and is especially preferred in literary works.
Divani: It is a writing style developed during the Ottoman Empire. Divani has an ornate and intricate appearance and was used in official documents.
The Place of Arabic Script in the Digital Age
In the digital age, Arabic script has adapted to modern technologies. Computers, smartphones and other digital devices support and facilitate Arabic writing. Arabic keyboards and fonts allow users to type quickly and accurately.
